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The history of the Arkansas State Guard and the War with Spain begins with the reorganization of the state militia following the end of Reconstruction. In 1879 the Arkansas Legislature had abolished the office of Adjutant General in retaliation for the use of the state militia to interfere in local political matters during reconstruction. During this period the Governor's Private Secretary performed the duties of the Adjutant General as an additional duty, and the legislature provided no appropriated funds for the state guard. Several companies existed during this period, including the Quapaw Guards and the McCarthy Guard in Little Rock. In 1897 the Arkansas State Guard was reorganized to consist of four infantry regiments, two artillery batteries and a cavalry squadron. In 1897, the state provided two volunteer infantry regiments for the Spanish–American War and although these two Arkansas Volunteer Infantry Regiments were not deployed overseas and did not see actual combat, they did suffer a number of casualties from disease. ==Post Reconstruction== Interest in the state militia waned following Reconstruction. Officially the state militia consisted of two regiments of infantry, one battery of artillery, one troop cavalry, and one signal unit. The Regimental headquarters of the 1st Infantry, Arkansas State Guards was located in Little Rock, but with little or no state funding, the militia units that existed were supported with private funds. Local militia companies participated in drill and ceremony competitions, with all the funding for travel, uniforms and equipment coming from private sources.〔 The Capital City Guards were organized in Little Rock in 1880.〔Henderson, Sharron, J., Arkansas Gazette Index, 1880, Page 55 Accessed 3 May 2012, http://library.atu.edu/adgi/AGI-1880.pdf〕 This company and the Quapaw Guards escorted Governor Churchill to his inauguration on January 13, 1881.〔Herndon, Dallas T., ''Centennial History of Arkansas'', Southern Historical Press, 1922, Page 327, Accessed 3 May 2012, http://books.google.com/books?ei=10ejT8bGCtPE2QXvkYGoBA&id=6hUUAAAAYAAJ&dq=History+of+Quapaw+guards+arkansas+1881&q=Quapaw+guards+〕 The Cherokee Guards were an African American company organized in Little Rock in 1881.〔Henderson, Sharron, J., Arkansas Gazette Index, 1881, Page 65 Accessed 3 May 2012, http://library.atu.edu/adgi/AGI-1881.pdf〕 The Eagle Guards were organized in Lonoke County, in 1884.〔Henderson, Sharron, J., Arkansas Gazette Index, 1884, Page 102 Accessed 3 May 2012, http://library.atu.edu/adgi/AGI-1884.pdf〕 The Faulkner Guards were organized in Faulkner County, in 1884.〔Henderson, Sharron, J., Arkansas Gazette Index, 1884, Page 102 Accessed 3 May 2012, http://library.atu.edu/adgi/AGI-1884.pdf〕 The Garland Greys were a militia company organized in Jefferson County and commanded by Captain Sam Hilzheim. In 1881, Hilzheim was ordered to muster black troops into a unit to be known as the Neel Guards.〔Barnes, Kenneth C., ''Journey of Hope: The Back-To-Africa Movement in Arkansas in the Late 1800s'', Univ of North Carolina Press.2004〕 Hilzheim refused to enroll the black troops, Governor Churchill had Hilzheim court-martialed. Hilzheim was convicted and sentenced to be suspended from his office for six months.〔Gordon, Fon Louise. Caste and Class: The Black Experience in Arkansas, 1880-1920, University of Georgia Press, 1995, Accessed 3 May 2012, http://books.google.com/books?id=JhG_zXfK6l8C&pg=PA12&dq=Hilzheim+Court+Martial+Captain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sk2jT_iMIOjD2QX1hpiYBA&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Hilzheim%20Court%20Martial%20Captain&f=false〕 Governor Churchill later revoked the suspension of Captain Hilzheim. The Neel Guards were mustered into state service in June 1881〔Henderson, Sharron, J., Arkansas Gazette Index, 1881, Page 65 Accessed 3 May 2012, http://library.atu.edu/adgi/AGI-1881.pdf〕 The Garland Grey's disbanded following Hilzheim's conviction.〔Henderson, Sharron, J., Arkansas Gazette Index, 1881, Page 65 Accessed 3 May 2012, http://library.atu.edu/adgi/AGI-1881.pdf〕 The Hallies Guards were organized in Little Rock in 1880.〔Henderson, Sharron, J., Arkansas Gazette Index, 1880, Page 55 Accessed 3 May 2012, http://library.atu.edu/adgi/AGI-1880.pdf〕 The Hot Springs Guards were organized in Hot Springs, Garland County, in 1884. The unit participated in drill competitions with the Quapaw Guard in the summer 1884. 〔Henderson, Sharron, J., Arkansas Gazette Index, 1884, Page 102 Accessed 3 May 2012, http://library.atu.edu/adgi/AGI-1884.pdf〕 The McCarthy Light Guards were organized in Little Rock in 1887, being named for the local business man who provided their uniforms, John H. McCarthy. The unit competed in several drill competitions, including the Interstate Competitive Drill at Galveston, Texas, where the unit placed third, at Atlanta in 1889 where they placed second, in Omaha in 1891 where they took second, and at Nashville Tennessee where they took first place. The unit was invited to attend the Chicago Worlds Far in 1893. The unit took fourth prize at the Interstate Competitive Drill conducted in its home town of Little Rock in 1894. In 1894 the unit was mobilized to deal with a rail road worker's strike.〔 The Neel Guards, composed of African-Americans, were organized in Jefferson County in 1881. A Captain Sam Helzheim was ordered to muster black troops into this unit.〔Barnes, Kenneth C., "Journey of Hope: The Back-To-Africa Movement in Arkansas in the Late 1800s,", Univ of North Carolina Press.2004〕 Helzheim refused to enroll the black troops, Governor Churchill had Helzeim court martialed. Helzheim was convicted and sentenced to be suspended from his office for six months. Governor Churchill later revoked the suspension of Captain Helzheim. The Neel Guards were mustered into state serive in June 1881〔Henderson, Sharron, J., Arkansas Gazette Index, 1881, Page 65 Accessed 3 May 2012, http://library.atu.edu/adgi/AGI-1881.pdf〕 The Quapaw Guard was organized in Little Rock in 1880.〔Henderson, Sharron, J., Arkansas Gazette Index, 1880, Page 55 Accessed 3 May 2012, http://library.atu.edu/adgi/AGI-1880.pdf〕 This company and the Capital City Guards escorted Governor Churchill to his inauguration on January 13, 1881.〔Herndon, Dallas T., Centennial history of Arkansas, Southern Historical Press, 1922, Page 327, Accessed 3 May 2012, http://books.google.com/books?ei=10ejT8bGCtPE2QXvkYGoBA&id=6hUUAAAAYAAJ&dq=History+of+Quapaw+guards+arkansas+1881&q=Quapaw+guards+〕 The unit was deployed to Perry County in the summer of 1881 for three weeks to deal with a general spirit of lawlessness, reported by the county judge. The unit won drill competitions at the state fair against units from Memphis and St. Louis. The unit's armory was located in Little Rock at the corner of Markham and Chester Streets.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url = http://www.arngmuseum.com/Default.aspx?pageId=779337 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arkansas State Guard and the Spanish–American War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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